Molecular orbital method can predict the chemical properties and structure of a molecule. The predictions are made by theoretical calculations based on quantum mechanics. Recent developments in computer hard and software enable the application of the method to larger molecules, including clay minerals. Input is the geometry of a molecule. Some additional key words are necessary to achieve the purposes of the study. Charge distribution of 2:1 type layer silicates, relationship between Si/Al ratio and surface acidity of allophane, and differential formation of allophane and imogolite are clarified by the molecular orbital method. The method allows us to understand the chemical properties of clay minerals on the basis of electronic states. Studies of clay minerals are expected to develop further by utilizing this theoretical method.

Watercore occurrence, ethylene production, and sorbitol content were compared in watercore-resistant 'Mutsu' and sensitive 'Fuji' apples(Malus pumila Mill. var. domestica Schneid.) grown in Niigata and Ehime. Mean air temperatures in Niigata were lower than those in Ehime. Watercore occurrence started at the end of October in 'Fuji' apples in Niigata, while began three weeks later in Ehime. Fruit in Niigata were larger than those in Ehime in both cultivars. Ethylene evolution in 'Mutsu' apples grown in Niigata and Ehime increased after middle October and early November, respectively. Ethylene production in 'Fuji' was lower than that in 'Mutsu' and it decreased during fruit maturation in both districts. The glucose content of apples in Niigata was lower than that in Ehime in both cultivars. The sucrose level in 'Mutsu' was higher in Niigata than in Ehime. The sorbitol content in 'Fuji' in Ehime increased and stayed at a higher level during fruit maturation than that in Niigata, but there was no difference between the two districts for 'Mutsu' apples. No marked difference in sorbitol content between the inner and outer flesh tissues was observed, not even in watercored 'Fuji' fruit.

Landslides of Miocene clastic sediment(Kuma Group), lavaflow and dyke rocks(Ishizuchi Group) were investigated at three sites(Sarage, Oonoji and Hiagshimyojin) in Kuma Town, Ehime Prefecture, Shikoku. The geologic factors in the generation of the Ishizuchiyama Tertiary strata landslide were identified as a debris slide and a rock slide due to the deep weathering and dip-slope structure of the bedrock, and cap rock structure. The bedrock of the three landslide areas are cut by EW-trend faults and fractures and younger NS-trend rhyolitic and andestic dykes intrude in EW-trend faults and fractures of the middle Miocene age. Just after the activity of intrusion, EW-trend dykes were cut by NS-trend faults. These facts suggest that the direction of the maximum horizontal compressional stress of the studies area changed from an EW-trend to a NS-trend.

This paper portrays language teaching in Germany and outlines historical, political and social factors that determine the national school system and influence the prevalent language policy and objectives. One distinction of the German school system is its tripartite secondary education structure, represented by the Hauptshule, the Realshule and the Gymnasium. Then, I examine the relationship between the instructional groups at school, the performance of teachers and students. Finally, I explain language sequences and distribution of lessons. My conclusion is that language education should be pragmatic and diversified in order to prepare students for life in a multilingual European and global society.